Student violence against teachers in compulsory secondary education: A systematic review

Abstract: Student violence against teachers in secondary education represents a growing international concern, yet empirical evidence remains fragmented. This systematic review maps the existing literature published between 2010 and 2025, identifying prevalence rates, forms of aggression, associated factors, and gender-related patterns. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (ERIC, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, SciELO, and PubMed/MEDLINE), yielding 10 eligible empirical studies. The results reveal a strong concentration of research in Spanish-speaking countries, a predominance of cross- sectional designs, and a limited examination of cyber-violence and longitudinal trends. Verbal aggression emerges as the most prevalent form, while gender differences suggest higher psychological victimization among female teachers. The findings highlight significant methodological and geographical gaps and underline the need for more comprehensive, gender-sensitive, and internationally comparative research.

Keywords: student violence, teachers, secondary education, systematic review