Navigating Identity Tensions During Crises: The Long-Term Effects of Cultivating a Paradox Mindset on Well-Being

Abstract: Working in polarized environments can heighten identity tensions and harm well-being by pressuring people to take sides, creating both intergroup conflict and internal dissonance. Drawing on paradox theory, we propose that a paradox mindset—comfort with tensions-supports well-being in such contexts, especially for individuals with less integrated identities. We tested a structured intergroup dialogue intervention at a public university during heightened polarization. Across a between-subjects pilot field experiment and a within-subjects longitudinal field experiment, dialogue increased paradox mindset and improved well-being over time. Benefits were strongest for low identity integration, while highly integrated individuals showed reduced well-being, likely because embracing contradictions disrupted their cohesive self-view.

Keywords: Identity, paradox mindset, well-being, polarization, dialogue.