Exploring Intergroup and Individual Differences in Interactive Problem-Solving – Change Mechanisms in Israeli–Palestinian Conflict Transformation

Abstract: Recent increases in intergroup hostilities emphasize the importance of mitigating violent conflicts. Interactive Problem-Solving (IPS) offers one such approach. While prior research highlights its potential to reshape intergroup relations, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates key factors driving such changes. Using natural language processing, we analyze selected IPS workshops (1982 – 2011) between Israelis and Palestinians from Herbert C. Kelman’s seminal data corpus, examining verbal markers of intergroup attitudes (e.g., worldview, group identity) and situational process variables (e.g., emotions, cognitions). Employing language analysis, we assess how these variables relate to dialogue outcomes, particularly attitude change. Findings confirm substantial positive effects of IPS. Hawkish rightist pre-workshop attitudes predict negative change, while agency, authenticity, and (pro)social verbal behavior foster positive transformation. Multilevel models confirm that incorporating attitudes and situational process factors explains change best. Implications for the design and process of interactive conflict transformation interventions in conflict contexts are discussed.

Keywords: conflict transformation, alternative dispute resolution, process mechanisms, natural language processing